銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用量包括主(zhu)軸轉(zhuan)速、進(jin)給(gei)(gei)速度、背(bei)吃(chi)刀(dao)(dao)量和(he)側吃(chi)刀(dao)(dao)量。銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的進(jin)給(gei)(gei)量是(shi)(shi)(shi)指(zhi)刀(dao)(dao)具轉(zhuan)一周，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件與(yu)刀(dao)(dao)具沿進(jin)給(gei)(gei)方(fang)向的相(xiang)對(dui)位(wei)移量，其單位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)mm／r。進(jin)給(gei)(gei)速度是(shi)(shi)(shi)單位(wei)時間內(nei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件與(yu)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)進(jin)給(gei)(gei)方(fang)向的相(xiang)對(dui)位(wei)移量，其單位(wei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)mm/min。切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用量的大(da)小對(dui)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)力、切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)功率、刀(dao)(dao)具磨損(sun)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)均(jun)有顯著(zhu)影響。機床配件數控(kong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)選(xuan)擇切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)用量時，就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在保證加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質量和(he)刀(dao)(dao)具壽(shou)命的前提下，充(chong)分發揮機床性(xing)能和(he)刀(dao)(dao)具切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)性(xing)能，使(shi)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)效(xiao)率蕞(zui)高，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)本(ben)蕞(zui)低。

    (一)背(bei)吃刀(dao)量/(端銑/)或側(ce)吃刀(dao)量/(圓(yuan)周銑/)的選擇

    背吃(chi)刀量o，為(wei)平(ping)行于銑刀軸線測量的切削(xue)(xue)層(ceng)尺寸，單(dan)位為(wei)mill。端銑時(shi)o。為(wei)切削(xue)(xue)層(ceng)深(shen)度；而圓周銑時(shi)，ot/)為(wei)被加工表面的寬(kuan)度。

    側(ce)吃(chi)刀(dao)量o。為(wei)(wei)垂直(zhi)于銑(xian)刀(dao)軸線測量的(de)(de)切(qie)削(xue)層尺寸(cun)，單位為(wei)(wei)mm。o。端銑(xian)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)被加工表面的(de)(de)寬度(du)，而圓周銑(xian)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)切(qie)削(xue)層的(de)(de)深度(du)。

    背吃刀量或(huo)側機床(chuang)配件(jian)吃刀量的選取主要(yao)由加(jia)工余量和對表面質量的要(yao)求決(jue)定(ding)。

    (1)在工(gong)件表面粗糙度(du)值(zhi)要求較(jiao)大時，如(ru)果圓周銑(xian)(xian)削的加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量小(xiao)于5mm，端(duan)銑(xian)(xian)的加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量小(xiao)于6mm，則粗銑(xian)(xian)一次(ci)進給(gei)就可(ke)以(yi)達到要求。但在余(yu)量較(jiao)大，工(gong)藝加(jia)工(gong)中(zhong)心系統剛性較(jiao)差或機(ji)床動力不足時，可(ke)多分幾次(ci)進給(gei)完成。

    (2)在工(gong)件表面粗糙(cao)度值要求較小時，可分粗銑(xian)(xian)和(he)半精銑(xian)(xian)兩步進行。粗銑(xian)(xian)時背吃刀量或(huo)側吃刀量選取同前。粗銑(xian)(xian)后留0．5—1．Omm的余量，在半精銑(xian)(xian)時切除(chu)。

    (3)在工件(jian)表面(mian)粗糙(cao)度值要求很(hen)小時，可分(fen)粗銑(xian)(xian)、半(ban)精(jing)(jing)銑(xian)(xian)和精(jing)(jing)銑(xian)(xian)三步機床配件(jian)進行。半(ban)精(jing)(jing)銑(xian)(xian)時背(bei)吃(chi)刀量或側吃(chi)刀量取(qu)1．5—2mm，精(jing)(jing)銑(xian)(xian)時圓周銑(xian)(xian)側吃(chi)刀量取(qu)0．3—0．5mm，面(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀背(bei)吃(chi)刀量0．5—lmm。

    (二)進給量和(he)進給速度(du)2的選擇

    進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)與(yu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)是衡量(liang)(liang)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)重要參(can)數，根(gen)據零件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工精(jing)度(du)要求(qiu)、刀(dao)具及工件(jian)(jian)材料(liao)等因素，參(can)考(kao)有關切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)手冊選(xuan)取(qu)。機(ji)床配(pei)件(jian)(jian)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)還應(ying)與(yu)主軸轉速(su)(su)(su)和切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)深度(du)等切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)相適應(ying)，不(bu)能(neng)顧此失彼。工件(jian)(jian)剛(gang)性差或刀(dao)具強度(du)低時(shi)，應(ying)取(qu)小值。加(jia)(jia)(jia)工精(jing)度(du)和表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)要求(qiu)較高時(shi)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小些(xie)，但(dan)不(bu)能(neng)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)小，過(guo)小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)反而(er)會使(shi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙(cao)度(du)增(zeng)大。輪廓(kuo)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)，選(xuan)擇(ze)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)時(shi)還應(ying)注意輪廓(kuo)拐(guai)角(jiao)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“超程(cheng)”和“欠(qian)程(cheng)”問題。用(yong)圓柱銑(xian)刀(dao)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)圖示輪廓(kuo)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)(mian)時(shi)，銑(xian)刀(dao)由A向(xiang)B運動，進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)速(su)(su)(su)度(du)較高時(shi)，由于慣性在(zai)(zai)拐(guai)角(jiao)D處可能(neng)出現(xian)超程(cheng)現(xian)象，拐(guai)角(jiao)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金屬被多切(qie)去(qu)一些(xie)。為此要選(xuan)擇(ze)變(bian)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)，即在(zai)(zai)接(jie)近拐(guai)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)。銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)角(jiao)處應(ying)當適當降(jiang)低進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)給(gei)量(liang)(liang)，過(guo)拐(guai)角(jiao)后再(zai)逐(zhu)漸(jian)升(sheng)高，以保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)工精(jing)度(du)。另(ling)外，在(zai)(zai)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，由于切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)，機(ji)床配(pei)件(jian)(jian)使(shi)機(ji)床、工件(jian)(jian)和刀(dao)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工藝系統(tong)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)變(bian)形，從(cong)而(er)使(shi)刀(dao)具產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)滯后，在(zai)(zai)拐(guai)角(jiao)處會產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)欠(qian)程(cheng)現(xian)象，采(cai)用(yong)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)減速(su)(su)(su)程(cheng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)序(xu)(xu)段(duan)或暫停(ting)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方法，可以減少由此產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)呈(cheng)現(xian)象。